What are DNS Protocols and Security

DNS operates over UDP port 53 for queries and TCP port 53 for zone transfers. Key protocols include:

• DNSSEC: Authenticates responses using DNSKEY, RRSIG, and DS records to prevent spoofing.
• EDNS: Supports larger payloads and DNSSEC.

Security configurations include:

• SPF: Authorizes mail servers (e.g., v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.0/24 ~all).
• DKIM: Adds cryptographic email signatures.
• DMARC: Enforces email policies (e.g., v=DMARC1; p=reject;).